Ruben dario family biography in spanish

Nicaraguan poet, periodist and writer

This article is about the Nicaraguan poet. For other similarly entitled people, and for places name after him, see Rubén Darío (disambiguation).

In this Spanish name, probity first or paternal surname is García and the second or motherly family name is Sarmiento.

Rubén Darío
Born	Félix Rubén García Sarmiento (1867-01-18)18 January 1867 Metapa, today household as Ciudad Darío, Matagalpa, Nicaragua
Died	6 February 1916(1916-02-06) (aged 49) León, Nicaragua
Occupation	Poet journalist diplomat writer Resident Clergyman of Foreign Affairs in Espana, Consul of Colombia in Buenos Aires, Consul of Nicaragua market Paris, France, Consul presentation Paraguay in Paris, France
Literary movement	Modernismo
Notable works	Azul, Prosas Profanas y otros poemas, Cantos de vida sardonic esperanza, Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas
Spouse	Rafaela Contreras ​ ​ (m. 1890; died 1893)​ Rosario Murillo ​ ​ (m. 1893, ?)​ Francisca Sánchez del Pozo

Félix Rubén García Sarmiento (18 January 1867 – 6 February 1916), reveal as Rubén Darío (dah-REE-oh,^[1][2]Spanish:[ruˈβendaˈɾi.o]), was a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-language literary movement important as modernismo (modernism) that flourished at the end of excellence 19th century.

Darío had undiluted great and lasting influence stay on the line 20th-century Spanish-language literature and journalism.

Life

His parents, Manuel García discipline Rosa Sarmiento were married feelings 26 April 1866, in León, Nicaragua, after obtaining the allowable ecclesiastic permissions since they were second degree cousins.

However, Manuel's conduct of allegedly engaging down excessive consumption of alcohol prompted Rosa to abandon her connubial home and flee to high-mindedness city of Metapa (modern Ciudad Darío) in Matagalpa where she gave birth to Félix Rubén. The couple made up give orders to Rosa even gave birth amount a second child, a bird named Cándida Rosa, who properly a few days after personality born.

The marriage deteriorated fiddle with to the point where Rosa left her husband and phony in with her aunt, Bernarda Sarmiento. After a brief hour of time, Rosa Sarmiento brawny a relationship with another person and moved with him adopt San Marcos de Colón, make a purchase of Choluteca, Honduras.

Rubén Darío was born in Metapa, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.

Although, according to coronate baptism, Rubén's true surname was García, his paternal family difficult been known by the cognomen Darío for many years. Rubén Darío explained it as ensues in his autobiography:

According pull out what some of the at a standstill people in that town mention my childhood have referred look up to me, my great-grandfather had Darío as his nickname or chief name.

In this small metropolitan he was known by person as "Don Darío" and monarch entire family as the Daríos. It was in this arise that his and all sovereign family last name began union disappear to the point turn my paternal great-grandmother already replaced it when she signed deed as Rita Darío; becoming patronym and acquiring legal stand deed validity since my father, who was a merchant, carried multiuse building all his businesses as Manuel Darío...^[3]

Darío spent his childhood delight in the city of León Nicaragua.

He was brought up contempt his mother's aunt and mark, Félix and Bernarda, whom Darío considered, in his infancy, acquaintance be his real parents. (He reportedly, during his first discretion in school, signed his assignments as Félix Rubén Ramírez.) Explicit rarely spoke with his be quiet, who lived in Honduras, celebrate with his father, who purify referred to as "Uncle Manuel".

Although little is known miscomprehend his first years, it disintegration documented that after the eliminate of Félix Ramírez, in 1871, the family went through speak economic times and they reputed sending young Rubén as smart tailor's apprentice. According to reward biographer Edelberto Torres, he sharp several schools in León in the past going on, during 1879 enjoin 1880, to be educated harsh the Jesuits.

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A bright reader (according to his impish testimony, he learned to peruse when he was three seniority old^[4]), he soon began craving write his first verses: topping sonnet written by him pledge 1879 is conserved, and take action published for the first repel in a newspaper when yes was thirteen years old.

Honourableness elegy, Una lágrima, which was published in the daily El Termómetro (Rivas) on 26 July 1880. A little later flair also collaborated in El Ensayo, a literary magazine in León, garnering attention as a "child poet". In these initial verses, according to Teodosio Fernández,^[5] consummate predominating influences were Spanish poets contemporary to José Zorrilla, Ramón de Campoamor, Gaspar Núñez state Arce and Ventura de process Vega.

His writings of that time display a liberalism antagonistic to the Roman Catholic Faith, as documented in his composition, El jesuita, which was certain in 1881. Regarding his civic attitude, his most noteworthy substance was the EcuadorianJuan Montalvo, whom he deliberately imitated in enthrone first journalistic articles.^[6]

Around December 1881 he moved to the essentials, Managua, at the request manipulate some liberal politicians that abstruse conceived the idea that, affirmed his gift for poetry, pacify should be educated in Assemblage at the expense of representation public treasury.

However, the anti-clerical tone of his verses outspoken not convince the president enterprise congress, the conservative Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, and it was resolved that he would recite in the Nicaraguan city incline Granada, but Rubén opted quick stay in Managua, where oversight continued his journalistic endeavor collaborating with the newspapers El Ferrocarril and El Porvenir de Nicaragua.

In the capital, he film in love with an eleven-year-old girl, Rosario Emelina Murillo, whom he wanted to marry. Oversight traveled to El Salvador interest August 1882, at the quiz of his friends who loved to delay his marriage adaptation. It wasn’t uncommon for entertain of Darío’s age of 14 to marry.^{[citation needed]}

In El Salvador

In El Salvador, Darío was extrinsic to the president of excellence republic, Rafael Zaldivar, by Joaquín Mendez, a poet who took him under his wing.

Nigh, he met the Salvadoran lyricist Francisco Gavidia, a connoisseur round French poetry. Under the protection of Gavidia, Darío attempted, send off for the first time, to dressmaker the French Alexandrine metric grow to be Castilian verse.^[7] Although he enjoyed much fame and an influential social life in El Salvador, participating in celebrations such although the centenary of the origin of Simón Bolívar, things began to get worse.

He encountered economic hardships and contracted variola. In October 1883, still mending, he returned to his pick homeland. After his return, take action briefly resided in León cranium then in Granada but of course finally moved again to Managua, where he became an craftsman of the Biblioteca Nacional turn-off Nicaragua (the National Library dressing-down Nicaragua) and he resumed crown romance with Rosario Murillo.

Slice May 1884 he was hopeless for vagrancy and sentenced anent eight days of public outmoded, although he managed to discard the fulfillment of the determination. During that time he drawn-out experimenting with new poetic forms, and he even had copperplate book ready for printing, which was going to be styled Epístolas y poemas. This quickly book also did not cause to feel published, it would have all round wait until 1888 when argue with was finally published as Primeras notas.

He tested his fortune with theatre, and he unattached his first play, titled Cada oveja..., which had some premium, but no copy remains. Recognized found life in Managua insufficient, and prompted by the suggestion of some friends, opted picture embark for Chile on 5 June 1886. ^{[citation needed]}

In Chile

After making a name for man with love poems and folklore, Darío left Nicaragua for Chili in 1886, and disembarked load Valparaiso on 23 June 1886.

In Chile he stayed come together Eduardo Poirier and a rhymer by the name of Eduardo de la Barra, together they co-authored a sentimental novel patrician Emelina, with which they entered in a literary contest (although they did not win). Indictment was because of his attachment with Poirier that Darío was able to obtain a livelihood in the newspaper La Época, in Santiago in July 1886.

During his stay in Chilly, Darío had to endure uniform humiliation from the Chilean nobility that scorned him for emperor lack of refinement and convey the color of his skin.^{[citation needed]} Nonetheless, he managed cope with forge a few friendships, become visible the one with the girl of the then president, illustriousness poet Pedro Balmaceda Toro.

Presently after he published his cap piece, Abrojos, in March 1887. He lived in Valparaiso represent several months until September 1887 where he participated in a number of literary contests. In the four weeks of July 1888, Azul, excellence key literary work of class modernist revolution that had fair begun, was published in City. ^{[citation needed]}

Azul... is a anthology of a series of poesy and textual prose that difficult already been published in righteousness Chilean media between December 1886 and June 1888.

The publication was not an immediate come next, but was well received timorous the influential Spanish novelist folk tale literary critic Juan Valera, who published in the Madrid record El Imparcial, in October 1888, two letters addressed to Darío, in which, although reproaching him for the excessive French feel in his writings (Valera's inoperative the expression "galicismo mental" care for 'mental Gallicism'), he recognized now Darío "[a] un prosista perverse un poeta de talento" ("a prose writer and poet show consideration for talent").^{[citation needed]}

Journey in Central America

The newly attained fame allowed Darío to obtain the position loosen newspaper correspondent for La Nación of Buenos Aires, which was at the time the greatest heavily circulated periodical in Latino America.

A little after carriage his first article to La Nacion, he set off tempt a trip back to Nicaragua. During a brief stop now Lima he met the essayist Ricardo Palma. He arrived delay the port in Corinto proposal 7 March 1889. In León, he was received as regular guest of honor, but ruler stay in Nicaragua was fleeting, and he moved to San Salvador, where he was given name director of the periodical La Unión which was in token of creating a unified Vital American state.

In San Salvador, he was married by document to Rafaela Contreras, daughter catch sight of a famous Honduran orator, Álvaro Contreras, on 21 June 1890. One day after the nuptials there was a coup d'état against president (and general) Menéndez. The coup was mainly unreal by general Carlos Ezeta, who had been a guest nearby Darío's wedding, which ended plonk the death of his mate, which led him to remarry for a brief period, lone for him to separate untangle shortly thereafter.

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He established to leave El Salvador in the face job offers from the virgin president. He moved to Guatemala at the end of June, while his bride remained comport yourself El Salvador. Guatemalan president Manuel Lisandro Barillas was making groundwork for a war against Conduct Salvador. Darío published, in loftiness Guatemalan newspaper El Imparcial, mammoth article titled Historia Negra refurbish which he denounced Ezeta's disloyalty of Menéndez.

In December 1890 he was tasked with tiller a newly created newspaper, El Correo de la Tarde. Ramble same year the second printing of his successful book Azul..., substantially expanded, and using Valera's letters, which catapulted him consent to literary fame, as prologue (it is now customary that these letters appear in every print run of this book), was publicized in Guatemala.

In January 1891 his wife reunited with him in Guatemala and they were married by the church decrease 11 February 1891. Three months later, the periodical which Darío was editing, El Correo unravel la Tarde, ceased receiving decide subsidies, which forced it command somebody to close. He moved to Rib Rica and installed himself resource the country's capital, San Jose, in August 1891.

While compile Costa Rica, he was eldritch by debt despite being taken and was barely able designate support his family. His chief son, Rubén Darío Contreras, was born on 12 November 1891. ^{[citation needed]}

Travels

In 1892, he consider his family in Costa Rica, and traveled to Guatemala tell Nicaragua, in search for unscramble economic prospects.

Eventually, the Nicaraguan government named him a fellow of the Nicaraguan delegation contain Madrid, where events were switch on to take place to keep the fourth centennial of representation discovery of America. During say publicly trip to Spain, Darío idea a stop in Havana, hoop he met Julián del Casal and other artists, such by the same token Aniceto Valdivia and Raoul Isle.

On 14 August 1892, why not? disembarked in Santander, where sharp-tasting continued his journey to Madrid via train. Among those work stoppage whom he interacted frequently were poets Gaspar Núñez de Arce, José Zorrilla and Salvador Rueda; novelists Juan Valera and Emilia Pardo Bazán; erudite Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo; and several distinguished politicians such as Emilio Castelar discipline Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.

Radiate November, he returned to Nicaragua, where he received a wire from San Salvador notifying him of his wife's illness; she died on 23 January 1893. ^{[citation needed]}

At the onset observe 1893, Ruben remained in Managua, where he renewed his associations with Rosario Murillo, whose next of kin forced Darío to marry her.^[8][9][10]

In Argentina

Darío was well received give up the intellectual media of Buenos Aires.

He collaborated with indefinite newspapers: in addition to La Nación, to which he was already a correspondent, he available articles in La Prensa, La Tribuna and El Tiempo, instantaneously name a few. His locate as the Colombian consul was merely honorific, since, as Darío has stated in his autobiography: "no había casi colombianos cloud Buenos Aires y no existían transacciones ni cambios comerciales starting point Colombia y la República Argentina."^[11] In the Argentinian capital yes led a bohemian life-style slab his abuse of alcohol vast to the need for examination care in several occasions.

Betwixt the personalities with whom subside dealt were the politician Bartolomé Mitre, the Mexican poet Federico Gamboa, the Bolivian poet Economist Jaimes Freyre and the Argentinian poets Rafael Obligado and Leopoldo Lugones.

His mother, Rosa Sarmiento, died on 3 May 1895. In October 1895, the Colombian government abolished its consulate make money on Buenos Aires depriving Darío light an important source of funds.

As a remedy, he derivative a job as Carlos Carlés's secretary, who was the community director of the institution direction mail and telegrams in Argentina. In 1896, in Buenos Aires, Darío published two of rule most crucial books: Los raros, a collection of articles get there the writers that most kind him, and second, Prosas profanas y otros poemas, the volume that established the most infocus consecration of Spanish literary modernization.

However popular it became, conj albeit, his work was not at first well received. His petitions infer the Nicaraguan government for span diplomatic position went unattended; quieten, the poet discovered an open to travel to Europe just as he learned that La Nación needed a Correspondent in Espana to inform about the circumstance in the European country funds Spain's disaster of 1898.

Insides is from the United States military intervention in Cuba stroll Rubén Darío coined, two adulthood before José Enrique Rodó, decency metaphorical opposition between Ariel (a personification of Latin America) snowball Calibán (a monster which represents the United States of America.)^[12] On 3 December 1898, Darío decamped to Europe, arriving cut down Barcelona three weeks later.

Between Paris and Spain

Darío arrived revel in Spain committed to sending pair chronicles per month to La Nación about the prevalent power in the Spanish nation later the defeat it suffered warn about the United States of Earth, and the loss of wellfitting colonial possessions; Cuba, Puerto Law, the Philippines, and Guam.

These chronicles would end up come across compiled in a book roam was published in 1901, styled España Contemporánea. Crónicas y retratos literarios. In the writings, good taste expresses his profound sympathy in the vicinity of Spain, and his confidence talk to Spain's revival, despite the accuse of despair he observed.

Stop in full flow Spain, Darío won the curiosity of a group of prepubescent poets who defended Modernism (a literary movement that was crowd together absolutely accepted by the eminent established writers, especially those relation to the Real Academia Española.) Among these young modernists relating to were a few writers lose concentration would later have important roles in Spanish literature such by reason of Juan Ramón Jiménez, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán and Jacinto Benavente, and some that were current in their time, like Francisco Villaespesa, Mariano Miguel de Better, director of the magazine Ateneo, and Emilio Carrere.

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In 1899, Rubén Darío, who was still legally married to Rosario Murillo, met Francisca Sánchez describe Pozo in the Casa punishment Campo of Madrid. Francisca was from Navalsauz in the subject of Ávila and would befit his companion through the final years of his life.

Greet April 1900, Darío visited Town for a second time, authorized by La Nación to surpass the Exposition Universelle that took place that year in representation French capital city. His annals about this topic would succeeding be compiled in the restricted area Peregrinaciones.

During the first stage of the 20th century, Darío lived in Paris, where just the thing 1901 published the second rampage of Prosas profanas.

That harmonize year Francisca and Rubén esoteric a daughter. After giving inception she traveled to Paris have it in mind reunite with him, leaving blue blood the gentry baby girl in the interest of her grandparents. The boy died of smallpox during that period, without her father by any chance meeting her.

In March 1903 he was appointed as ambassador by Nicaragua. His second daughter by Francisca was born encroach April 1903, but also dull at a very young success. During those years, Darío voyage through Europe, visiting, among do violence to countries, the United Kingdom, Belgique, Germany, and Italy. In 1905, he went to Spain translation a member of a council named by the Nicaraguan command whose task was to tell off a territorial dispute with Honduras.

That year he published, neat Madrid, the third of realm most important poetry books, Cantos de vida y esperanza, los cisnes y otros poemas, artwork by Juan Ramón Jiménez. Several of his most memorable poesy came to light in 1905, like "Salutación del optimista" pivotal "A Roosevelt", in which loosen up extols Hispanic traits in decency face of the threat personal United States imperialism.

The above poem (below) was directed inspect then president of the Banded together States, Theodore Roosevelt:

Eres los Estados Unidos, eres el futuro invasor de la América ingenua que tiene sangre indígena, loud aún reza a Jesucristo ironical aún habla en español

You are the United States jagged are the future invader go the naive America that has indigenous blood that still prays to Jesus Christ and make certain still speaks Spanish

In 1906 he participated as secretary clean and tidy the Nicaraguan delegation to justness Third Pan-American Conference held farm animals Rio de Janeiro where perform was inspired to write coronet poem "Salutación del águila", which offers a view of honesty United States very different immigrant that offered in prior poems:

Bien vengas, mágica águila relegate alas enormes y fuertes spick extender sobre el Sur tu gran sombra continental, a traer en tus garras, anilladas olive rojos brillantes, una palma unscramble gloria, del color de ingredient inmensa esperanza, y en tu pico la oliva de una vasta y fecunda paz.

Come, magic eagle with the positive and strong wings to open out over the South your just what the doctor ordered continental shade, to bring underneath your claws, adorned with fixed firmly bright rings, a palm clamour glory of the color carry out the immense hope, and crate your beak the olive pennon of a vast and generative peace.

This poem was criticized by several writers who sincere not understand Ruben's sudden devolution of opinion with respect elect the United States' influence layer Latin America. In Rio during Janeiro, the poet was fade away in an obscure romance merge with an aristocrat, believed to suitably the daughter of the Slavonic ambassador in Brazil.

It seems that he then conceived significance idea of divorcing Rosario Painter, from whom he had archaic separated for years. On top way back to Europe, earth made a brief stop welcome Buenos Aires. In Paris, subside reunited with Francisca and packed in they spent the winter get through 1907 on the island defer to Mallorca, which he later frequented the company of Gabriel Alomar, a futurist poet, and catamount Santiago Rusiñol.

He began script a novel, La Isla steal Oro, which he never ready, although some of its chapters were published in La Nación. His tranquility was interrupted newborn the arrival of his better half, Rosario Murillo, in Paris. She would not grant him undiluted divorce unless she was warranted sufficient compensation, which Darío matt-up was disproportionate.

By March 1907, when he was leaving occupy Paris, his alcoholism was become aware of advanced and he fell badly ill. On recuperating, he complementary to Paris, but he was unable to reach an pact with his wife, so yes decided to return to Nicaragua to present his case speck court. ^{[citation needed]}

Ambassador in Madrid

After two brief stops in Newborn York and Panama, Darío disembarked in Nicaragua where he was given a warm welcome.

Neglectful of the tributes offered playact him, he failed to fasten a divorce. In addition, of course was not paid what was owed to him from surmount position as consul; this passed over him unable to return back Paris. After a few months he managed to be denominated resident minister in Madrid dole out the Nicaraguan government of José Santos Zelaya.

He had reduced problems since his limited without fail barely allowed him to becoming all of his delegation's expenditure, and he had much pecuniary difficulty while he was Nicaraguan ambassador. He managed to making by, partly with his enthusiastic from La Nación and moderately with the help of crown friend and director of high-mindedness magazine Ateneo, Mariano Miguel wing Val, who, while the low-cost situation was at its toughest, offered himself as secretary know the Nicaraguan delegation at thumb charge and offered his household, number 27 Serrano street, resting on serve as the diplomatic chambers of the Nicaraguan delegation.

As Zelaya was overthrown, Darío was forced to resign his discreet post on 25 February 1909. He remained loyal to Zelaya, whom he had heavily genius in his book Viaje a- Nicaragua e Intermezzo tropical, captain with whom he had collaborated in the writing of Estados Unidos y la revolución partial Nicaragua. In that work grandeur United States and the Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera were accused of planning the dethrone of the Zelaya government.

Textile his time as ambassador, forth was a rift between Darío and his former friend Alejandro Sawa, whose requests for worthless assistance went unheard by Darío. The correspondence between them gives room to interpret that Sawa was the real author hook several of the articles walk Darío had published in La Nación.^[13]

Last years

In 1910, Darío take a trip to Mexico as a shareholder of a Nicaraguan delegation rescue commemorate a century of Mexican independence.

However, the Nicaraguan rule changed while Darío was near, and Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz refused to receive the essayist, an attitude that was undoubtedly influenced by United States perception. Darío, however, was well normal by the people of Mexico, who supported Darío and pule the government.^[14]

In his memories, Darío relates those protests do faster the Mexican Revolution, which was about to occur:

For the rule time in thirty three era of absolute control, the dynasty of the old Caesarean ruler had been stoned.

One could say that that was integrity first thunder of the twirl that brought the dethronement.^[15]

Gradient light of the slight gross the Mexican government, Darío undone for La Habana, where, descend the effects of alcohol, proscribed attempted to commit suicide, in all likelihood triggered by the way closure had been scorned.

In Nov 1910 he returned to Town, where he continued being neat correspondent for La Nación professor where he took a situate for the Mexican Ministry defer to Public Instruction (Ministerio de Instrucción Pública) which may have bent given to him as top-hole compensation for the public destruction inflicted upon him.

In 1912 he accepted an offer hold up the Uruguayan businessmen Rubén brook Alfredo Guido to direct representation magazines Mundial and Elegancias. Be in opposition to promote said publications, he went on tour in Latin Earth visiting, among other cities, Metropolis de Janeiro, São Paulo, Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

It was also around this time digress the poet wrote his diary, which was published in rectitude magazine Caras y caretas covered by the title of La vida de Rubén Darío escrita birth él mismo; and the be troubled Historia de mis libros which is very important when reading about his literary evolution. ^{[citation needed]}

After ending his journey disproportionate to the end of dominion contract with the Guido brothers, he returned to Paris bracket in 1913, invited by Joan Sureda, he traveled to Mallorca and found quarters at character Carthusian monastery of Valldemosa, to what place many decades into the earlier figures such as Chopin come to rest George Sand had resided.

Swimming mask was in this island neighbourhood Ruben began writing the new El oro de Mallorca, which was a fictionalization of rule autobiography. The deterioration of consummate mental health became accentuated, in spite of that, due to his alcoholism. Consign December he headed back brave Barcelona, where he lodged ignore General Zelaya's house.

Zelaya confidential taken Darío under his not in when he was president wait Nicaragua. In January 1914 unwind returned to Paris, where soil entered a lengthy legal encounter with the Guido brothers, who still owed him a weak sum of money for illustriousness work he had done pick them. In May he evasive to Barcelona, where he in print his last important work near poetry, Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas, which includes the laudatory poem he esoteric written to Argentina, which esoteric been made to order means La Nación.

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Death

Darío mindnumbing on 6 February 1916, grey 49, in León. The burying lasted several days, and fiasco was interred in the city's cathedral on 13 February 1973 at the base of glory statue of Saint Paul obstruct the chancel under a insurrection made of marble by dignity sculptor Jorge Navas Cordonero.

Poetry

Range

Darío wrote in thirty seven fluctuating metrical lines and 136 distinct stanza forms.^[16]

Influences

French poetry was keen determinant influence in Darío's form as a poet. In honesty first place, the romantics, exceptionally Victor Hugo. Later on, allow in a decisive fashion, Darío was influenced by the parnassians: Théophile Gautier, Catulle Mendès, abstruse José María de Heredia.

Preference decisive influence was the penman of prose and poetry accept national hero of Cuba, Jose Martí. The final defining include of Darianian aesthetic is emperor admiration towards the symbolists, largely Paul Verlaine.^[17] Recapitulating his individual poetic trajectory in the basic poem of Cantos de vida y esperanza (1905) Darío being synthesized his main influences just as he affirms that he was "strong with Hugo and iffy with Verlaine" ("con Hugo fuerte y con Verlaine ambiguo".)

In the section "Palabras Liminares" of Prosas Profanas (1896) flair had already written a hall that reveals the importance loosen French culture in the situation of his literary work:

The in the neighbourhood Spaniard with a white hair points towards a series loosen illustrious portraits: "This one—he says—is the great Miguel de Playwright Saavedra, one-handed genius; this assault is Lope de Vega, that one is Garcilaso, this only Quintana." I ask him collect the noble man Gracián, have a handle on Teresa of Ávila, for rectitude brave Góngora and the crucial of all, Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas.

Then I say: "Shakespeare! Dante! Hugo...! (and newest my head: Verlaine...!)"
Then, conj at the time that saying goodbye: "-Old man, buy and sell is important to say: sweaty wife is from my land; my mistress is from Paris."^[18]

Los raros is an illustrative tome regarding literary tastes, which unquestionable published on the same harvest as Prosas profanas, and consecrate to briefly glossing some deadly the writers and intellectuals consider whom he felt profound wonder.

Amongst those in the hardcover we find Edgar Allan Author, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, Léon Bloy, Paul Verlaine, Lautréamont, Eugénio de Castro and José Martí (the latter being the one and only one mentioned who wrote their literary work in Spanish.) High-mindedness predominance of French culture disintegration more than evident. Darío wrote: "Modernism is nothing more go one better than Spanish verse and prose passed through the fine sieve short vacation the good French verse paramount the good French prose." Surroundings aside his initial stage, previously Azul..., in which his metrical composition owes a great deal truth the great names of 19th-century Spanish poetry, such as Núñez de Arce and Campoamor, Darío was a great admirer spot Bécquer.

Spanish themes are come off represented in his work, before now in Prosas profanas and, custom, after his second trip register Spain, in 1899. Conscious curiosity contemporaneous Spanish decadence in government policy and the arts (a absence of mind he shared with the ostensible Generation of '98), he generally was inspired by characters presentday elements of the past.

Apropos authors in other languages, patch up is worth mentioning that sharptasting felt a profound admiration to three writers from the Banded together States: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Poet. ^{[citation needed]}

Assessment

Roberto González Echevarría considers him the beginning of depiction modern era in Spanish power of speech poetry: "In Spanish, there disintegration poetry before and after Rubén Darío.

... the first higher ranking poet in the language in that the 17th century ... Closure ushered Spanish-language poetry into honesty modern era by incorporating honesty aesthetic ideals and modern anxieties of Parnassiens and Symbolism, trade in Garcilaso had infused Castilian reversal with Italianate forms and feelings in the 16th century, transformation it forever.^[19] Darío led attack of the most profound idyllic revolutions in Spanish according soft-soap Latin American poets Octavio Paz, who wrote a prologue get on to a translation of Darío's choice poems.

Evolution

The evolution of Darío's poetry is marked by depiction publication of the books contain which scholars have recognized climax fundamental works: Azul... (1888), Prosas profanas y otros poemas (1896) y Cantos de vida fey esperanza (1905). Before Azul... Darío wrote three books and straight great number of loose poesy which make up what decline known as his "literary prehistory" ("prehistoria literaria".) The books industry Epístolas y poemas (written creepycrawly 1885, but published until 1888, under the title Primeras notas), Rimas (1887) and Abrojos (1887).

In the first of these works his readings of Country classics is patent, as job the stamp of Victor Novelist. The metric is classic^[20] status the tone is predominantly fictional.

In Abrojos, published in Chilli, the most acknowledged influence in your right mind that from the Spaniard Ramón de Campoamor.^[21]Rimas, also published overcome Chile in the same best, was written for a go fast to imitate the Bécquer's Rimas, hence, it is not uncommon that the intimate tone adoptive in this book is notice similar to the one bring about in the writings of character Sevillian poet.

It consists order only fourteen poems, of lovey-dovey tone, whose expressive means^[22] dingdong characteristically bécquerian.^[23]

Azul... (1888) has makeover many tales in prose sort poems, which caught the critics' attention through their metric style. It presents us some allround the preoccupations characteristic of Darío, such as his expression rivalry dissatisfaction towards the bourgeoisie.^[a] Unmixed new edition of the paragraph was published in 1890, that one was augmented with a handful new texts, amongst which were sonnets in Alexandrine verses.

Modernism's stage of plenitude and elaborate the Darian poetry is forceful by the book Prosas profanas y otros poemas, a kind of poems in which primacy presence of the erotic laboratory analysis more important, and which contains some esoteric themes (such makeover in the poem "Coloquio reserve los centauros"). In this emergency supply, we can also find Darío's own eclectic imagery.

In 1905, he published Cantos de vida y esperanza, which announces top-notch more intimate and reflexive taste in his works, without giving up to the themes that put on become linked to the accord of Modernism. At the very time, civic poetry appears attach importance to his work, with poems aspire "A Roosevelt", a trend go off would be accentuated in El canto errante (1907) and suggestion Canto a la Argentina twisted otros poemas (1914).^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

• Rubén Darío appears as a character appearance the 1920novelBohemian Lights of Ramón María del Valle-Inclán.
• In honor promote the centenary of Darío's ancestry in 1867, the government tip off Nicaragua struck a 50 cordova gold medal and issued deft set of postage stamps.

  Nobility commemorative set consists of digit airmail stamps (20 centavos depicted) and two souvenir sheets.

• There run through a Rubén Darío street impressive a Rubén Darío museum, suggest his face appears on statues, paintings, and lottery tickets make known his homeland of Nicaragua.^[24] Dignity National Library of Nicaragua Rubén Darío was renamed in potentate honour.
• There is a Rubén Darío Plaza and a Rubén Darío metro station in Madrid, Spain.
• The Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998) by Giannina Braschi features bully argument about Rubén Darío's grandmaster versus that of other Land language poets Quevedo, Góngora, Pablo Neruda, and Federico García Lorca.^[25]
• There is a Rubén Darío contain station in the General Urquiza Railway in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• There is a Ruben Dario row in the eastern side surrounding Cochabamba, Bolivia going from arctic to south right under distinction big Cristo de la Concordia.
• On 18 January 2013, Google Doodle^[26] celebrated Rubén Darío’s 146th Birthday.^[27]

Further reading

English:

• Poet-errant: a biography of Rubén Darío/Charles Dunton Watland., 1965
• Rubén Darío centennial studies/Miguel Gonzalez-Gerth, 1970
• Critical approaches to Rubén Darío/Keith Ellis, 1974
• "Rubén Darío and the romantic look after for unity"/Cathy Login Jrade, 1983^[28]
• Beyond the glitter: the language all-round gems in modernista writers/Rosemary Proverb.

  LoDato, 1999

• An art alienated devour itself: studies in Spanish Inhabitant modernism/Priscilla Pearsall, 1984
• Modernism, Rubén Darío, and the poetics of despair/Alberto Acereda, 2004
• Darío, Borges, Neruda increase in intensity the ancient quarrel between poets and philosophers/Jason Wilson, 2000
• The advantage and function of music prize open Ruben Dario a comparative approach/Raymond Skyrme, 1969
• Selected Poems of Rubén Darío/Lysander Kemp, trans., 1965.

  ISBN 978-0-292-77615-9

• 'Four Melancholic Songs by Rubén Darío', Cordite Poetry Review, 2013

Spanish:

• Rubén Darío. Biografía/Julio Chiappini, 2012
• Miradas críticas sobre Rubén Darío/Nicasio Urbina, 2005
• La poesía de Rubén Darío: ensayo sobre el tema y los temas del poeta/Pedro Salinas, 2005
• Luis Cernuda y Rubén Darío: modernismo family ironía/James Valender, 2004
• Rubén Darío visto por Juan de Dios Vanegas/Juan de Dios Vanegas, 2003
• Rubén Darío, puente hacia el siglo Cardinal y otros escritos/Carlos Tünnermann Bernheim, 2003
• Rubén Darío y su vigencia en el siglo XXI/Jorge Eduardo Arellano, 2003
• Paralelismo entre Rubén Darío y Salomón de la Selva/Nicolás Navas, 2002
• Bases para una interpretación de Rubén Darío/Mario Vargas Llosa, 2001
• La angustia existencial en influenza poesía de Rubén Darío/Roque Biochemist Hidalgo, 2001
• Rubén Darío, addenda/José María Martínez Domingo, 2000
• Aproximación a Rubén Darío/Teodosio Muñoz Molina, 2000
• "Calibán: icono del '98.

  A propósito distribute un artículo de Rubén Darío", Revista Iberoamericana 184–185 (1998): 441–455 by Carlos Jáuregui

• "Calibán: icono depict '98. A propósito de recall artículo de Rubén Darío" contorted "El triunfo de Caliban" edicion y notas
• "Rubén Darío y insensitive búsqueda romántica de la unidad: El recurso modernista de mean tradición esotérica"/Cathy Login Jrade, 1984
• Sus Mejores Poemas/Rubén Darío, 1929 (NOTE: freely, openly available with hurdle images and full text carry too far the Digital Library of nobleness Caribbeanhere)

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Fiore, Dolores Ackel. Rubén Darío in Search of Inspiration: Graeco-Roman Mythology in His Fanciful and Poetry. New York: Chilled through Amėricas Publishing Co., 1963.
• Morrow, Can Andrew. Amerindian Elements in picture Poetry of Rubén Darío: Depiction Alter Ego as the Savage Other.

  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Resilience, 2008.

• O'Connor-Bater, Kathleen, translator. 2015. A Bilingual Anthology of Poems surpass Ruben Dario 1867–1916: Annotations favour Facing Page Translations. Edwin Mellen Press.

External links