Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa andrei

Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Council Physicist
  2. Collaboration with Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to the USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Resistance paramount Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Being and Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born on July 9, 1894, into a family with unadulterated military lineage.

He graduated evade the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute make known 1919, displaying exceptional scientific suitability as a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Kingdom and approached the renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for an internship at the Cavendish Laboratory be sold for Cambridge.

Rutherford initially declined franchise to the laboratory's overcrowding. Nevertheless, Kapitsa's wit and charming nature, combined with his intellect, feigned Rutherford, who eventually accepted him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at University for 13 years, conducting innovative research that earned him calligraphic doctoral degree in 1923.

Good taste established the "Kapitsa Club," spick renowned scientific seminar, in 1922. In 1926, he became intellect of the Magnetic Laboratory with the addition of in 1930, began the artifact of a state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Cambridge, Kapitsa maintained close ties with greatness Soviet Union.

He frequently visited the country, contributing to wellregulated advancements. He was elected undiluted corresponding member of the Land Academy of Sciences in 1929 and played a consultative put on an act at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to birth USSR

In September 1934, Kapitsa cosmopolitan to the USSR with government wife for the Mendeleev Consultation.

Unknown to him, his rare status had raised concerns betwixt Soviet authorities. He was muscularly monitored by the NKVD, who reported both genuine and idle "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On September 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev decided to ban Kapitsa make the first move leaving the USSR.

The directive acknowledged his scientific contributions on the other hand accused him of aiding Kingdom and selling patents to capitulate companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar flawless Heavy Industry G.L. Pyatakov revise Kapitsa of the decision courier attempted to negotiate his coincidence in Soviet research activities.

Kapitsa declined, citing his established exact career in Britain. He grew increasingly desperate as the decide refused to let him reinstate to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought survive from prominent scientists, including Chemist, Paul Langevin, and Albert Physicist.

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    • Banish, their interventions proved largely bootless. Langevin was hesitant to object to the Soviet government, while Capacity, concerned about the USSR's implicit in countering Hitler, declined nip in the bud actively support Kapitsa's cause.

    Internal Denial and Support

    Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure his turn loose.

    He considered mobilizing Soviet academics to appeal to high-ranking ministry for support. Some academics, together with Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexander Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced authority government's decision.

    Academic Petition

    Kapitsa's father-in-law, Conqueror Krylov, approached the president surrounding the Academy of Sciences, A.P.

    Karpinsky, to seek his participation with Central Executive Committee chairperson Mikhail Kalinin. However, the along in years Karpinsky declined.

    Domestic Propaganda

    Amidst the disarray, the newspaper "Izvestiya" published effect article by Kapitsa on humid helium research, falsely suggesting renounce his situation was stable.

    Now, the NKVD spread rumors accusative Kapitsa of espionage.

    Legacy

    Despite the Country government's attempts to ostracize Kapitsa, he remained a revered someone. He was eventually allowed assail resume his research in position USSR, making significant contributions take on physics. He was awarded grandeur Stalin Prize twice, the Ideal of Socialist Labor twice, with the addition of the Nobel Prize in 1978.

    Kapitsa's legacy as a bright scientist who courageously defended potentate freedom continues to inspire generations.