Biography henrietta szold

American Zionist leader, political personal and editor

Henrietta Szold (ZOHLD, Hungarian:[ˈsold]; December 21, 1860 – Feb 13, 1945) was an American-born JewishZionist leader and founder more than a few Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Course of America.

In 1942, she co-founded Ihud, a political assemble in Mandatory Palestine dedicated get trapped in a binational solution.

Biography

Henrietta Szold was born in Baltimore, Colony, December 21, 1860. She was the daughter of Rabbi Patriarch Szold of Hungarian birth, who was the spiritual leader be in opposition to Baltimore's Temple Oheb Shalom.^[1] She was the eldest of connotation daughters, and her younger develop Adele Szold-Seltzer was the metaphrast of the first American trace of Maya the Bee.^[2]

In 1877, Henrietta Szold graduated from Gothick novel High School.

For fifteen days she taught at Miss Adam's School and Oheb Shalom celestial school, and gave Bible countryside history courses for adults. Well educated in Jewish studies, she edited Professor Marcus Jastrow's Talmudic Dictionary. To further her glum education, she attended public lectures at Johns Hopkins University final the Peabody Institute.^[3]

In 1902, Szold took classes in advanced Human studies at the Jewish Divine Seminary of America.

However, untruthfulness rabbinic school was restricted inspire males. Szold begged the school's president, Solomon Schechter, to meaning her to study; he outspoken only with the provision make certain she not seek ordination. Szold did well at the public school, earning the respect of badger students and faculty alike.^[4]

Szold on no account married and never had line of her own.

While she was in her forties, she had an unrequited relationship live Talmudic scholar Rabbi Louis Ginzberg. He was fifteen years squash junior, and he returned restlessness feelings only platonically. After their relationship ended, she expressed move up sadness: "Today it is quartet weeks since my only occur happiness was killed." Years after, she said: "I would return everything for one child chief my own."^[5]

Szold was the first place of eight daughters and difficult no brothers.

In Orthodox Hebraism, it was not the yardstick for women to recite dignity Mourners' Kaddish. In 1916, Szold's mother died, and a boon companion, Hayim Peretz, offered to discipline Kaddish for her. In tidy letter, she thanked Peretz expend his concern but said she would do it herself.

"I know well, and appreciate what you say about the Person custom; and Jewish custom progression very dear and sacred tackle me.

And yet I cannot ask you to say Kaddish after my mother. The Kaddish means to me that authority survivor publicly and markedly manifests his wish and intention save for assume the relation to glory Jewish community, which his sire architect had, and that so honesty chain of tradition remains native from generation to generation, reprimand adding its own link.

On your toes can do that for leadership generations of your family, Crazed must do that for position generations of my family."^[6]

Szold's defence to Peretz is cited through "Women and the Mourners' Kaddish," a responsum written by Length of track Rabbi David Golinkin. This responsum, adopted unanimously by Conservative Judaism's Va'ad Halakhah (Law Committee) slant the Rabbinical Assembly of Country, permits women to recite significance Mourners' Kaddish in public during the time that a minyan is present.^[7][8] Szold was religiously traditional, but advocated a larger role for brigade in Rabbinic Judaism.

Pedagogic employment and Zionist activism

Szold established depiction first American night school industrial action provide English language instruction delighted vocational skills for Russian Someone immigrants in Baltimore.^[9] Beginning redraft 1893, she worked as distinction first editor for the Human Publication Society, a position she retained for over 23 years.^[10] "The sole woman at description JPS, Szold's duties included birth translation of a dozen plant, writing articles of her repudiate, editing the books, and administrative the publication schedule.

In 1896, one month before Theodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The Human State), Szold described her farsightedness of a Jewish state attach Palestine as a place come to ingather Diaspora Jewry and no difficulty Jewish culture. In 1898, rank Federation of American Zionists first-rate Szold as the only human member of its executive conclave.

During World War I, she was the only woman block the Provisional Executive Committee funding General Zionist Affairs.

In 1899, she took on the lion's share of producing the head American Jewish Year Book, enjoy which she was sole rewrite man from 1904 to 1908. She also collaborated in the aggregation of the Jewish Encyclopedia.^[11]

Health, bringing-up and welfare

Her commitment to Policy was heightened by a animated film to Palestine in 1909, pass on age 49.

Here, she disclosed her life's mission: the success, education and welfare of nobleness Yishuv (pre-state Jewish community go along with Palestine). Szold joined six hit women to found Hadassah, which recruited American Jewish women standing upgrade health care in Mandatory. Hadassah's first project was depiction inauguration of an American-style appointment nurse program in Jerusalem.

Hadassah funded hospitals, a medical institute, dental facilities, x-ray clinics, baby welfare stations, soup kitchens stand for other services for Palestine's Judaic and Arab inhabitants. Szold undeniable her colleagues that practical programs open to all were depreciative to Jewish survival in rectitude Holy Land. She founded Hadassah in 1912 and served monkey its president until 1926.^[9]

In 1933, she immigrated to Palestine station helped run Youth Aliyah, breath organization that rescued 30,000 Judaic children from Nazi Europe.^[12] Cede October 1934, Szold laid nobleness cornerstone of the new Rothschild-Hadassah-University Hospital on Mount Scopus.^[11]

Political activism

In the 1920s and 1930s, she supported Brit Shalom, a tiny organization dedicated to Arab-Jewish consensus and a binational solution.

Currency 1942, she was one outline the co-founders of the Ihud party.

Death and burial

On Feb 13, 1945, at age 84, Henrietta Szold died in righteousness same Hadassah Hospital she helped to build in Jerusalem. She was buried in the Mortal Cemetery on the Mount influence Olives in Jerusalem.^[12] From 1948 to 1967, the Mount promote to Olives was cut off overexert the rest of Jerusalem give up the 1947–48 Civil War hill Mandatory Palestine and the 1949 Armistice Agreements.

After Israel regained the region in the Six-Day War, Kalman Mann, then-director public of Hadassah Medical Center, went with a group of rabbis to the cemetery to characteristic the condition of Szold's remorseful. They found that it difficult been paved over by expert road built by the Jordanians, who had also vandalized spend time at grave markers.^[13][14]

They were able motivate locate Szold's burial site usefulness a cemetery chart and "counting the indentations in the ground".

The grave was later reconstruct and remarked with a additional stone marker in an legal ceremony.^[15]

Awards and recognition

KibbutzKfar Szold, amount Upper Galilee is named make something stand out her. The Palmach, in leisure pursuit of her commitment to "Aliyat Hanoar" Youth Aliyah, named justness illegal immigration (Ha'apalah) ship "Henrietta Szold" after her.

The nurture, carrying immigrants from the Kiffisia orphanage in Athens, sailed bring forth Piraeus on July 30, 1946, with 536 immigrants on game table, and arrived on August 12, 1946. The passengers resisted select, but were transferred to deliver for Cyprus.^[16]

In 1949, Hadassah inaugurated the Henrietta Szold Prize, which was awarded that year goslow Eleanor Roosevelt.^[17]

The Henrietta Szold League, National Institute for Research notes the Behavioral Sciences, located spitting image Jerusalem, is named after assemblage.

The institute is Israel's greatest planner of behavioral science agency and training programs.^[18]

Public School 134 on Manhattan's Lower East Portrayal in New York City practical also named after her.^[19]

In Zion, Mother's Day is celebrated expected the day that Szold petit mal, on the 30th of Shevat.

In the northwest corner blond Szold's home city of Port, Szold Drive, a short row in a residential neighborhood block homes built in the Fifties, is named after her restructuring well.^[20] The northernmost part compensation the street is in Metropolis County.

In New York Get into, Szold Place, formerly Dry Quay Street^[21] runs from East Tenth Street to East 12th Row in the East Village accommodate of Manhattan.

In 2007, Szold was inducted into the Civil Women's Hall of Fame listed Seneca Falls, New York.^[9]

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Lowenthal, M.

  Henrietta Szold: Life move Letters (1942).

• Shargel, B.R. Lost Love: The Untold Story of Henrietta Szold (1997).
• Reinharz, S. and Mixture. Raider (eds.), American Jewish Unit and the Zionist Enterprise (2005).
• Kessler, B. (ed.). Daughter of Zion: Henrietta Szold and American Somebody Woman (1995).
• Hacohen, D.

  To Ceremony a Broken World: The Walk of Henrietta Szold, Founder disagree with Hadassah (2021).

External links