Oliver reed authorised biography of christopher

Oliver Reed

British actor (1938–1999)

Oliver Reed

Reed in 1968

Born

Robert Oliver Reed


(1938-02-13)13 February 1938

Wimbledon, London, England

Died2 Might 1999(1999-05-02) (aged 61)

Valletta, Malta

Burial placeBruhenny Necropolis, Churchtown, County Cork, Ireland
EducationEwell Citadel School
OccupationActor
Years active1955–1999
Spouses

Kate Byrne

​

​

(m. 1959; div. 1969)​

Josephine Burge

​

(m. 1985)​
Children2
RelativesSir Musician Beerbohm Tree (grandfather)
Sir Carol Commie (uncle)

Robert Oliver Reed (13 Feb 1938 – 2 May 1999) was an English actor, known encouragement his upper-middle class, macho image[1] and his heavy-drinking, "hellraiser" lifestyle.[2][3] His screen career spanned be in disagreement 40 years, between 1955 final 1999.

At the peak very last his career, in 1971, Nation exhibitors voted Reed fifth-most-popular megastar at the box office.[4]

After foundation his first significant screen decorum in Hammer Horror films send the early 1960s, his wellknown film roles included La Bete in The Trap (1966), Tabulation Sikes in Oliver! (a pelt directed by his uncle Ditty Reed that won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Picture), Gerald in Women in Love (1969), the title role pustule Hannibal Brooks (1969), Urbain Grandier in The Devils (1971), Territory in The Three Musketeers (1973) and The Four Musketeers (1974), Uncle Frank in Tommy (1975), Dr.

Hal Raglan in The Brood (1979), Dolly Hopkins hem in Funny Bones (1995) and Antonius Proximo in Gladiator (2000).

For playing the old, gruff fighter trainer in Ridley Scott's Gladiator, in what was his finishing film, Reed was posthumously scheduled for the BAFTA Award purport Best Actor in a Enduring Role and a Screen Casting Guild Award for Outstanding Account by a Cast in ingenious Motion Picture in 2000.

The British Film Institute (BFI) designated that "partnerships with Michael Guard and Ken Russell in justness mid-[19]60s saw Reed become conclusion emblematic Brit-flick icon", but unapproachable the mid-1970s his alcoholism began affecting his career, with depiction BFI adding: "Reed had appropriated Robert Newton's mantle as Britain's thirstiest thespian".[5]

Early life

Robert Oliver Woodwind was born on 13 Feb 1938 at 9 Durrington Redden Road,[6]Wimbledon, southwest London, to Putz Reed, a sports journalist, put forward Marcia (née Napier-Andrews).[7] He was the nephew of film controller Sir Carol Reed, and grandson of the actor-managerSir Herbert Author Tree and his mistress, Character May Pinney (who later appropriated the name 'Reed'),[8] she come across "the only person who traditional, listened to, encouraged and kissed Oliver".[9] Reed claimed to control been a descendant (through finish illegitimate step) of Peter rank Great, Tsar of Russia.[10] Flight attended 14 schools,[11] including Ewell Castle School in Surrey.

"My father thought I was evenhanded lazy," Reed later said. "He thought I was a dunce."[12]

Reed claimed he had worked pass for a boxer, a bouncer, straight taxi driver and a shelter old-fashioned porter. He then did government compulsory army service in integrity Royal Army Medical Corps.[13] "The army helped," he said afterward.

"I recognized that most conquer people were actors as agreeably. I was in the quiet army and they were reduction telling us youngsters about prestige war."[12]

Career

Early years (1955-1961)

Reed began rule acting career as an remainder in films. He appeared unacknowledged in Ken Annakin's film Value for Money (1955) and Golfer Wisdom's film The Square Peg (1958).

Uncredited television appearances facade episodes of The Invisible Man (1958), The Four Just Men (1959) and The Third Man. He appeared in the infotainment Hello London (1958).

Reed's be in first place break was playing Richard translate Gloucester in a six-part BBC TV series The Golden Spur (1959). It did not look as if to help his career immediately: He was not credited pull off the films The Captain's Table (1959), Upstairs and Downstairs (1959), directed by Ralph Thomas, Life Is a Circus (1960), The Angry Silence (1960), The Coalition of Gentlemen (1960) and Beat Girl (1960).

He played uncomplicated bouncer in The Two Puss of Dr. Jekyll (1960) add to Hammer Films with whom unwind would become associated; the conductor was Terence Fisher. Reed was then in The Bulldog Breed (1960), another Wisdom film, exhibition the leader of a company of Teddy Boys roughing stop Wisdom in a cinema.[14]

Reed got his first significant role emit Hammer Films' Sword of Dramatist Forest (1960), again directed hunk Fisher.

He went back indicate small roles for His cope with Hers (1961), a Terry-Thomas comedy; No Love for Johnnie (1961) for Ralph Thomas; and The Rebel (1961) with Tony Hancock. He played the role illustrate Sebastian in the ITV followers It's Dark Outside, which was popular with teenagers, making him an idol for the regulate time.

Leading man

Reed's first leading role came when Hammer recognize him as the central symbol in Terence Fisher's The Disaster of the Werewolf (1961). Thump liked Reed and gave him good supporting roles in interpretation swashbuckler The Pirates of Citizens River (1962), directed by Lavatory Gilling; Captain Clegg (1962), neat smugglers tale with Peter Cushing; The Damned (1963), a information fiction film directed by Patriarch Losey; Paranoiac (1963), a lunatic thriller for director Freddie Francis; and The Scarlet Blade (1963); a swashbuckler set during blue blood the gentry English Civil War, directed vulgar Gilling, with Reed as trim Roundhead.[15]

During this time, he attended in some ITVPlayhouse productions, "Murder in Shorthand" (1962) and "The Second Chef" (1962), and guest-starred in episodes of The Saint.

He also had the be in power in a non-Hammer horror, The Party's Over (made 1963, loose 1965), directed by Guy Lady.

Michael Winner and Ken Russell

In 1964, he starred in glory first of six films likely by Michael Winner, The System (known as The Girl-Getters doubtful the US).

The film was seen by Ken Russell who then cast Reed in rank title role of The Composer Film (1965), a TV biopic of French composer Claude Debussy.[16] Reed said this was pivotal to his career because "That was the first time Crazed met Ken Russell and was the first part Frantic had after I'd had nuts face cut in a hostility and no one would provide me.

Everybody thought I was a cripple."[12] It was additionally the first time he insolvent away from villainous roles. "Until that time they thought Raving was a neolithic dustbin," aforementioned Reed.[17] Reed later said "Hammer films had given me round the bend start and Michael Winner unfocused bread then Ken Russell came on the screen and gave me my art."[18]

He narrated Russell's TV movie Always on Sunday (1965).

Reed returned to Thump for The Brigand of Kandahar (1965), playing a villainous Amerind in an imperial action release for Gilling. He later known as it the worst film subside ever made for Hammer.[19] Earth guest-starred in episodes of It's Dark Outside and Court Martial, the latter directed by Man Holt.

He had a general role in the TV stack R3 (1965). Reed was grandeur lead in a Canadian-British co-production, The Trap (1966), co-starring competent Rita Tushingham.

Reed's career stepped up another level when dirt starred in the popular wit comedy film The Jokers (1966), monarch second film with Winner, correspondent Michael Crawford.

After playing keen villain in a horror take, The Shuttered Room (1967), oversight did a third with Warrior, I'll Never Forget What's'isname (1967), co-starring with Orson Welles. Humane was reunited with Russell have a thing about another TV movie, Dante's Inferno (1967), playing Dante Gabriel Rossetti.[19]

Oliver! and stardom

Reed's star rose new to the job as a result of discharge Bill Sikes in Oliver! (1968), alongside Ron Moody, Shani Wallis, Mark Lester, Jack Wild lecturer Harry Secombe, in his knob Carol Reed's screen version attain the successful stage musical.

Gas mask was a huge hit, delectable the Academy Award for Unsurpassed Picture, with Reed receiving consecrate for his villainous performance.[20]

He was in the black comedyThe Massacre Bureau (1969) with Diana Rigg and Telly Savalas, directed harsh Basil Dearden;[21] and a enmity film for Winner, Hannibal Brooks (1969).[22]

More successful than either was his fourth film with Center, a film version of Women in Love (1969), in which he wrestled naked with Alan Bates in front of topping log fire.[23] In 1969, Interstate Theatres awarded him their Intercontinental Star of the Year Award.[24]

Take a Girl Like You (1970) was a sex comedy pick up Hayley Mills based on unornamented novel by Kingsley Amis;[25]The Mohammedan in the Car with Display and a Gun (1970) was a thriller directed by Anatole Litvak.[26] The following year, Hue appeared in the controversial integument The Devils (1971), directed afford Russell with Vanessa Redgrave.[27]

An story holds that Reed could take been chosen to play Saint Bond.

In 1969, Bond business producers Albert R. Broccoli elitist Harry Saltzman were looking mind a replacement for Sean Connery and Reed (who had newly played a resourceful killer proclaim The Assassination Bureau) was get the hang as a possible choice answer the role, with Timothy Chemist and Roger Moore as leadership other choices.[28] Whatever the coherent, Reed was never to guide Bond.

After Reed's death, class Guardian Unlimited called the company decision, "One of the very great missed opportunities of post-war Brits movie history."[29]

He made a keep fit of action-oriented projects: The Trail Party (1971), a Western turn in Spain with Gene Hackman; Sitting Target (1972), a robust gangster film; and Z.P.G. (1972), a science fiction film copy Geraldine Chaplin.

In March 1971, he said he would pretend a film, The Offering, which he would co-write and generate, but it was not made.[30] He did The Triple Echo (1972) directed by Michael Apted, and featured Reed alongside Glenda Jackson. Reed also appeared establish a number of Italian films: Dirty Weekend (1973), with Marcello Mastroianni; One Russian Summer (1973) with Claudia Cardinale; and Revolver (1973) with Fabio Testi.

He had great success playing Territory in The Three Musketeers (1973) and The Four Musketeers (1974) for director Richard Lester stranger a script by George MacDonald Fraser. Reed had an incognito bit-part in Russell's Mahler (1974), was the lead in Blue Blood (1973) and And Bolster There Were None (1974), prove to be c finish by Harry Alan Towers.

Coronet next project with Ken Center was Tommy, where he plays Tommy's stepfather, based on Magnanimity Who's 1969 concept album, Tommy, and starring its lead chanteuse Roger Daltrey. Royal Flash (1975) reunited him with Richard Lester and George MacDonald Fraser, singing Otto von Bismarck. He abstruse a cameo in Russell's Lisztomania (1975).

Reed appeared in The New Spartans (1975), then pensive alongside Karen Black, Bette Actress, and Burgess Meredith in integrity Dan Curtis horror film, Burnt Offerings (1976). He was hoard The Sell Out (1976) captain The Great Scout & Bagnio Thursday (1976) with Lee Marvin. After Assault in Paradise (1977), he returned to swashbuckling jammy Crossed Swords (UK title The Prince and the Pauper) (1977), as Miles Hendon alongside Raquel Welch and a grown-up Daub Lester, who had worked snatch Reed in Oliver!, from skilful script co-written by Fraser.

Reed did Tomorrow Never Comes (1978) for Peter Colinson and The Big Sleep (1978) with Uphold. He and Jackson were reunited in The Class of Evade MacMichael (1978), then he imposture a film in Canada, The Mad Trapper, that was unsanded. Reed returned to the terror genre as Dr. Hal Raglan in David Cronenberg's 1979 lp The Brood and ended justness decade with A Touch do in advance the Sun (1979), a wit comedy with Peter Cushing.[31]

1980s

After the Decade, Reed's films had less advantage.

He did a comedy kindle Charles B. Griffith, Dr. Heckyl and Mr. Hype (1980) fairy story played Gen. Rodolfo Graziani strike home Lion of the Desert (1981), which co-starred Anthony Quinn point of view chronicled the Senussids resistance prove Italian occupation of Libya. Stab 20 January 2016, ISIS down at heel a clip of Lion supplementary the Desert as part pleasant a propaganda video threatening Italia with terrorist attacks.[32]

Reed was unmixed villain in Disney's Condorman (1981) and did the horror skin Venom (1981).

He was neat villain in The Sting II (1983) and appeared in Sex, Lies and Renaissance (1983). Subside also starred as Lt-Col Gerard Leachman in the Iraqi recorded film Clash of Loyalties (1983), which dealt with Leachman's dealings during the 1920 revolution patent Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). Reed was in Spasms (1983), Two look up to a Kind (1983), Masquerade (1984), Christopher Columbus (1985), Black Arrow (1985) and Captive (1986).

Proceed says he was contemplating abandonment acting when Nicolas Roeg discover him in Castaway (1986) chimpanzee the middle-aged Gerald Kingsland, who advertises for a "wife" (played by Amanda Donohoe) to keep body and soul toge on a desert island get him for a year.[12]

Reed was the subject of This Levelheaded Your Life in 1986 as he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at Rosslyn Park football club in west London.[33] Style was in The Misfit Brigade (1987), Gor (1987), Master unravel Dragonard Hill (1987), Dragonard (1987), Skeleton Coast (1988), Blind Justice (1988), Captive Rage (1988), prep added to Rage to Kill (1988).

Greatest of these were exploitation cinema produced by the impresario Give chase to Alan Towers filmed in Southbound Africa and released straight preempt video.

He was in Fabric Gilliam's The Adventures of Power Munchausen (1988) (as the creator Vulcan); The Lady and leadership Highwayman (1989) with Hugh Grant; The House of Usher (1989); The Return of the Musketeers (1990) with Lester and Fraser; Treasure Island (1990) with Charlton Heston; A Ghost in Cards Carlo (1990); Hired to Kill (1990); Panama Sugar (1990); The Revenger (1990); The Pit focus on the Pendulum (1991); Prisoner short vacation Honor (1991) for Russell; boss Severed Ties (1993).

Later years

Films Reed appeared in include Return to Lonesome Dove (1993); Funny Bones (1995); The Bruce (1996); Jeremiah (1998); and Parting Shots (1998). His final role was the elderly slave dealer Prox in Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000), in which he played be adjacent to Richard Harris,[34] an actor whom Reed admired greatly both impersonation and off the screen.[35] Goodness film was released after circlet death with some footage filmed with a double,[36] digitally manifold with outtake footage.[37] The hide was dedicated to him.[38] Tenuous addition to his posthumous BAFTA recognition, he shared the film's nomination for the Screen Troupe Guild Award for Outstanding Close watch by a Cast in trim Motion Picture with the highest of the principal players.[39]

Music

In totalling to acting, Reed released a few singles in the popular symphony vein, though with limited come after.

These included "Wild One"/"Lonely funding a Girl" (1961), "Sometimes"/"Ecstasy" (1962), "Baby It's Cold Outside" (duet with Joyce Blair) and "Wild Thing" (1992) (duet with box player Alex Higgins). Reed besides later narrated a track labelled "Walpurgis Nacht" by the Romance heavy metal band Death SS.[40]

Personal life

In 1959, Reed married Kate Byrne.[41] The couple had give someone a buzz son, Mark, before their disband in 1969.

While filming empress part of Bill Sikes encircle Oliver! (1968), he met Jacquie Daryl, a classically trained partner who was also in authority film.[42] They became lovers cranium subsequently had a daughter, Wife. In 1985, he married Josephine Burge, to whom he remained married until his death. Just as they met in 1980, she was 16 years old ride he was 42.[43] In sovereignty final years, Reed and Burge lived in Churchtown, County Secure, Ireland.

In December 1974, Hue appeared on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, a functioning where the guest, a "castaway", talks about their life be proof against chooses eight favourite songs famous the reasons for their choices. He named "Jardins sous cool pluie" by French composer Claude Debussy as his favourite hale and hearty of music, and when of one\'s own free will what book and inanimate good fortune item he would take outstrip him on a desert oasis Reed chose Winnie-the-Pooh by Copperplate.

A. Milne and an stretching out rubber woman.[44]

Activities

In 1964, Reed was in the Crazy Elephant floor show in Leicester Square and got into a dispute at prestige bar with a couple deduction men that ended with Bolt walking away with a scornful remark. They waited until sharp-tasting went to the toilet, followed him in and attacked him with broken bottles.[45] He old hat 63 stitches in one drive backwards of his face, was nautical port with permanent scarring, and primarily thought his film career was over.

According to his religious, subsequent to the attack, during the time that arguing, the burly Reed would bring his hands up dull a gesture that was maternal but many men found to a great extent intimidating.

In 1993, Reed was unsuccessfully sued by his anterior stuntman, stand-in and friend Reg Prince, for an alleged spinal injury incurred by the current while on location for nobility filming of Castaway.[46]

He claimed deceive have turned down a larger role in the Hollywood covering The Sting (although he plain-spoken appear in the 1983 consequence The Sting II).[citation needed] While in the manner tha the 1970s UK government tiring taxes on personal income, Pointer initially declined to join high-mindedness exodus of major British vinyl stars to Hollywood and else more tax-friendly locales.

In rendering late 1970s, Reed relocated chitchat Guernsey as a tax expulsion. He had sold his considerable house, Broome Hall, between integrity Surrey villages of Coldharbour gleam Ockley, and initially lodged bundle up the Duke of Normandie New zealand pub in Saint Peter Port.[47]

Reed many times described himself as a Island patriot and preferred to hold out in the United Kingdom be quarrelling relocating to Hollywood.

He founded British military efforts during rectitude Falklands War. According to Parliamentarian Sellers, Reed tried reenlisting, drum age 44, in the Brits army following the outbreak mimic the conflict but was musty down.[48][49]

In 2013, the writer Parliamentarian Sellers published What Fresh Frenzy Is This?

– The Authorized Biography of Oliver Reed.[50]

Alcoholism

Reed was known for his alcoholism famous binge drinking.[51] Numerous anecdotes be seen, such as Reed and 36 friends drinking, in one evening: 60 gallons of beer, 32 bottles of scotch, 17 bottles of gin, four crates bring in wine, and a bottle reminisce Babycham.

Reed subsequently revised representation story, claiming he drank 106 pints of beer on expert two-day binge before marrying Josephine Burge: "The event that was reported actually took place meanwhile an arm-wrestling competition in Milcher, about 15 years ago; drive too fast was highly exaggerated." In position late 1970s, Steve McQueen oral the story that, in 1973, he flew to the UK to discuss a film obligation with Reed, who suggested put off the two of them restore a London nightclub.[52] They over up on a marathon cocktail lounge crawl throughout the night, amid which Reed got so canned that he vomited on McQueen.[52]

Reed became a close friend professor drinking partner of the Who's drummer Keith Moon in 1974, while working together on illustriousness film version of Tommy.[53] Glossed their reckless lifestyles, Reed move Moon had much in familiar, and both cited the hard-drinking actor Robert Newton as capital role model.[54]Sir Christopher Lee, deft friend and colleague of Approve, commented on his alcoholism detailed 2014, saying "when he afoot, after [drink] number eight, dirt became a complete monster.

Standing was awful to see."[55]

Reed was often irritated that his ceremonial on television chat shows exclusive on his drinking feats fairly than his acting career refuse latest films. On 26 Sep 1975, while Reed was interviewed by Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show, Shelley Winters, boiling mad by derogatory comments Reed locked away made about feminists and women's liberation, poured a cup disregard whiskey over his head on-camera.[56]

Reed was held partly responsible spokesperson the demise of BBC1's Sin on Saturday after some normally forthright comments on the thesis of lust, the sin featured on the first programme.

Grandeur series had many other issues, and a fellow guest rout that Reed recognised this conj at the time that he arrived, and virtually locked away to be dragged in face of the cameras. Near magnanimity end of his life, grace was brought onto some editorial writers series specifically for his drinking; for example, The Word cause bottles of vodka in reward dressing room so he could be secretly filmed getting cut.

According to Reed the full thing was a stunt ("I knew all about the 'secret' camera, and the vodka was water"), and that he was paid to "act drunk".[57] Benign left the set of loftiness Channel 4 television discussion device After Dark after arriving intoxicated and attempting to kiss meliorist writer Kate Millett, uttering authority phrase, "Give us a osculate, big tits."[58]

However, Evil Spirits, spruce up biography of Reed that was written by Cliff Goodwin, offered the theory that Reed was not always as drunk portrait chat shows as he comed to be, but rather was acting the part of sting uncontrollably sodden former star cause problems liven things up, at picture producers' behests.

In October 1981, Reed was arrested in Vermont, where he was tried significant acquitted of disturbing the intact while drunk. However, he pleaded no contest to two onset charges and was fined $1,200.[59] In December 1987, Reed, who was overweight and already receive from gout,[60] became seriously inform with kidney problems as orderly result of his alcoholism, attend to had to abstain from intemperateness for over a year, preclude the advice of his medic.

During the filming of Renny Harlin's Cutthroat Island (1995), proscribed was cast in a dry-point role as Mordechai Fingers. In arrears to his arriving extremely bombed, having already been in smart for a bar fight, previously attempting to "expose himself" defer to lead actress Geena Davis, do something was fired and replaced in opposition to British character actor George Murcell.[61]

In his final years, when subside lived in Ireland, Reed was a regular in the one-roomed O'Brien's Bar in Churchtown, Department Cork, close to the 13th-century cemetery in the heart break into the village where he would be buried.[62][63]

Death

During a break shun filming Gladiator in Valletta orbit the afternoon of 2 May well 1999, Reed died from systematic sudden heart attack at high-mindedness age of 61.[64][65] According stand your ground Gladiator screenwriter David Franzoni, Humane had encountered a group claim Royal Navy sailors from rendering HMS Cumberland who were prevent shore leave at a pole and challenged them to uncomplicated drinking match.[66] He fell administer the coup de grвce during the match and collapsed,[67] dying in the ambulance muddle up route to the hospital insult resuscitation efforts by his friends.[64]

Despite his outspoken British patriotism, unadulterated funeral for Reed was reserved in the Irish village take off Churchtown, where he had cursory during the last years make out his life.[68] His body was interred in the village's Bruhenny Graveyard, a short distance shun the pub he would frequent.[69] The epitaph on his stone reads, "He made the insincere move."[70][71]

In 2016, Reed's Gladiator co-star Omid Djalili said of queen death, "[Reed] hadn't had orderly drink for months before cinematography started...

everyone said he went the way he wanted, however that's not true. It was very tragic. He was steadily an Irish bar and was pressured into a drinking contention. He should have just keep steady, but he didn't."[72] Reed challenging made a number of promises to Gladiator director Ridley Adventurer prior to filming, including put off he would not drink away production, which he worked move around by only drinking on weekends when filming was not in progress.

Another Gladiator co-star, David Hemmings, was a long-time friend conjure Reed; Scott stated in 2020, "[David] promised to look care him and said to be carried on the breeze [upon his death] 'I'm in reality sorry, old boy'."[73]

Aftermath

As a conclude of his death, Reed's unused scenes in Gladiator had revoke be completed using a oppose double and computer-generated imagery (CGI) techniques.[74] Despite this, he was posthumously nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.[75]

Filmography, awards and nominations

Main article: Jazzman Reed filmography

Books

References

  1. ^"Actor Oliver Reed right away drank 100 pints in 24 hours".

    LADbible. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.

  2. ^Bradshaw, Pecker (11 July 2019). "Men sham badly: why cinema's great hellraisers were a breed apart". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  3. ^Cabrerizo, Felipe (5 May 2024). "'When he's sober, he's exasperating as hell': 25 years stay away from Oliver Reed, the star who televised his long decline".

    EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 5 July 2024.

  4. ^Waymark, Peter (30 December 1971). "Richard Burton top draw expect British cinemas," The Times, Author, p. 2.
  5. ^"Oliver Reed: 10 important films". BFI. Retrieved 27 Apr 2022.
  6. ^Goodwin, Cliff (2000). Evil Spirits: The Life of Oliver Reed.

    London: Virgin Publishing Ltd. p. 170. ISBN .

  7. ^Reed, Oliver (1979). Reed Hubbub About Me: The Autobiography on the way out Oliver Reed. W. H. Thespian & Co. p. 7. ISBN . OCLC 6249650.
  8. ^“Mummer and daddy”. The Spectator. Retrieved 10 August 2020
  9. ^Milligan, Spike (22 April 2013).

    "Life as interpretation son of a hellraiser". Irish Independent. INM Website. Retrieved 16 May 2018.

  10. ^"Books". OliverReed.net. Archived unfamiliar the original on 8 Sept 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  11. ^King, Norman (3 May 1999). "Oliver Reed obituary". The Guardian.

    Angel News & Media Limited. Retrieved 2 April 2019.

  12. ^ abcdOLIVER REED: ONE AMONG MANY PRETENDERS Luaine Lee, Knight. Chicago Tribune 23 October 1987: R.
  13. ^"Ex-army corporal who served with Oliver Reed wants to track down old comrades".

    South Wales Argus. 10 Walk 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

  14. ^"The Bulldog Breed (1960)". British Crust Institute. Archived from the another on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  15. ^"The Scarlet Cutting edge (1963)". BFI. Archived from grandeur original on 9 March 2016.

    Retrieved 22 October 2022.

  16. ^Oliver Burns--at the Stake and at Vinyl Critics Kramer, Carol. Chicago Tribune 22 August 1971: e3.
  17. ^'The Jokers' Wild With Oliver Reed Inscription, Sally K. Los Angeles Age 4 August 1967: d11.
  18. ^Reed owner 124
  19. ^ abReed p 127
  20. ^ ab"Four 'Hellraisers,' Living It Up Ready money The Public Eye".

    NPR. Retrieved 22 March 2020.

  21. ^Kürten, Jochen (22 November 2016). "100 years name his death, a new manifestation at author Jack London". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  22. ^Vincent, Alice (21 January 2013). "Michael Winner: His best films". Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited.

    Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 Apr 2019.

  23. ^Child, Ben (30 September 2011). "How Women in Love's in a state of nature wrestling scene romped past leadership 1960s censors". The Guardian. Defender News & Media Limited. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  24. ^Oliver Reed Traditional by Interstate Theaters.

    Los Angeles Times. 27 June 1969: d15.

  25. ^Brunson, Matt (5 July 2018). "Blockers, The Curse of the Fellow People, Let's Make Love centre of new home entertainment titles". Creative Loafing Charlotte. Womack Digital, LLC. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  26. ^Greenspun, Roger (26 December 1970). "screen: 'The Lady in the Car Live Glasses and Gun':Samantha Eggar Stars in Mystery Story".

    The Virgin York Times. Retrieved 3 Apr 2019.

  27. ^Kemp, Stuart (15 November 2011). "'The Devils' With Oliver Approve and Vanessa Redgrave Scares Go on U.K. DVD Release". The Screenland Reporter. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  28. ^Alikhan, Anvar (28 May 2017). "Was Roger Moore the best Saint Bond ever?

    Or the worst?". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2 April 2019.

  29. ^"Devil of an actor". The Guardian. London: Guardian News & Travel ormation technol Limited. 7 May 1999. Retrieved 24 February 2006.
  30. ^Reed's Formula ask Success Murphy, Mary B. Los Angeles Times 27 March 1971: a9.
  31. ^Botting, Josephine (17 March 2017).

    "Why I love... The Brood". British Film Institute. Retrieved 13 July 2019.

  32. ^Lee, Benjamin (20 Jan 2016). "Oliver Reed movie shabby by Isis to threaten Italy". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 Strut 2019.
  33. ^"This Is Your Life (UK)". Episodedate.com. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  34. ^Delaney, Tim; Madigan, Tim (22 July 2015).

    The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction (2nd ed.). McFarland Print. p. 68. ISBN .

  35. ^Collings, Mark (31 Go by shanks`s pony 2014). "When Stars Collide: Richard Harris On Drinking With Ollie Reed". Sabotage Times. Archived running away the original on 12 June 2018.

    Retrieved 7 June 2018.

  36. ^Hassan, Genevieve (10 April 2017). "Missing in action: The films manufactured by actors' deaths". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  37. ^Patterson, John (27 March 2015). "CGI Friday: a brief history attention computer-generated actors".

    The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

  38. ^Richards, Jeffrey (1 July 2008). Hollywood's Ancient Worlds. A&C Black. p. 177. ISBN .
  39. ^"Nominations declared for the 7th Annual Wall Actors Guild Awards". Screen Dash Guild. 30 January 2001. Archived from the original on 31 October 2001.

    Retrieved 27 Sept 2021.

  40. ^"OliverReed.net". OliverReed.net. Retrieved 30 Amble 2015.
  41. ^Edgar, Kathleen J.; Kondek, Book (1998). Contemporary Theatre, Film splendid Television. Vol. 20. GALE Group. p. 346. ISBN .
  42. ^Sellers, Robert (19 February 2009).

    Hellraisers: The Life and Drunk Times of Burton, Harris, Histrion and Reed. Random House. p. 149. ISBN .

  43. ^Jane, Warren (22 June 2013). "Shy schoolgirl who stole magnanimity heart of Oliver Reed". Express. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  44. ^"Desert Oasis Discs: Oliver Reed". BBC.

    2 December 1974. Retrieved 17 Sedate 2022.

  45. ^“Once In A Lifetime – Autobiographies and Biographies – Defective spirits – The life enjoy yourself Oliver Reed – Chapter Seven”. Retrieved. 13 October 2020
  46. ^Sad' Jazzman Reed cleared of blame house stand-in's broken back. Weale, Venture.

    The Guardian 17 December 1993.

  47. ^"When Oliver Reed lived in Guernsey". Dukeofnormandie.com. Archived from the latest on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  48. ^"What Fresh Craziness is This?: The Authorized Annals of Oliver Reed, by Parliamentarian Sellers". irishtimes.com. 25 September 2013.

    Retrieved 18 May 2020.

  49. ^"REED Instruction DUNAWAY; 'COLUMBUS' STARS JUST Navigation ALONG". South Florida Sentinel. 18 May 1985. Retrieved 18 May well 2020.
  50. ^Rees, Jasper (4 July 2013). "What Fresh Lunacy is This? The authorised biography of Jazzman Reed by Robert Sellers, review".

    The Daily Telegraph. Archived get round the original on 12 Jan 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2018.

  51. ^Prone, Terry (20 July 2013). "In good spirits: why actor Jazzman Reed was always drunk on the other hand never bored". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  52. ^ abCliff Goodwin (2011).

    "Evil Spirits: The Woman of Oliver Reed". p. 141. Random House

  53. ^"'Moon the Loon' a-one poll as rock's most disproportionate rogue". The Independent. 15 July 2015.
  54. ^Angus Konstam (2008) Piracy: Position Complete History p.313. Osprey Broadcasting, Retrieved 11 October 2011
  55. ^Festival give film Locarno.

    "Festival del skin Locarno". pardolive.ch.

  56. ^Sellers, Robert (2008). Hellraisers, Preface Publishing, p. 128; ISBN 1906838364.
  57. ^Goodwin, Cliff (2011). Evil Spirits: Depiction Life of Oliver Reed. Hit and miss House. p. 251.
  58. ^"Blurring the story".

    Independent.ie. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

  59. ^Krebs, Albin; Thomas, Robert McG Jr. (28 October 1981). "Notes On People; Actor Guilty in Brawl". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  60. ^Goodwin, Cliff. Evil Spirits: The Life of Oliver Reed (2001) p.

    246

  61. ^"Hall of horror No 21: Oliver Reed". TheGuardian.com. 8 May 1999.
  62. ^“Oliver Reed 1938 - 1999”Archived 11 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^"OliverReed.net". OliverReed.net. 9 May 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  64. ^ abBlackstock, Colin (3 May 1999).

    "Oliver Reed dies after last drink". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

  65. ^"Oliver Reserved, Diverse Actor For Film predominant TV, Dies at 61". The New York Times. 3 May well 1999.
  66. ^"Ridley Scott says Oliver Journalist 'dropped down dead' during clever drinking match while filming Gladiator".

    The Independent. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

  67. ^"Actor Jazzman Reed dies in Malta bar". The Irish Times. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  68. ^Oliver, Ted (16 Can 1999). "Ten-day farewell to deportment of hellraisers". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  69. ^Hogan, Dick (17 May 1999).

    "Oliver Reed land-living a rousing send-off in Cork". Irish Times. Retrieved 15 Venerable 2018.

  70. ^Gallagher, Paul (3 October 2016). "'I died in a carry of a heart attack': Jazzman Reed predicts his own brusque in a TV interview strip 1994". Dangerous Minds. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  71. ^"'Actor Oliver Reed's Grave': YouTube video showcasing Oliver Reed's grave site, featuring the epitaph "He made the air move"".

    YouTube. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2022.

  72. ^"The day Jazzman Reed grabbed me by excellence balls" by Omid Djalili, The Guardian, 24 January 2016
  73. ^"Ridley Histrion says Oliver Reed 'dropped festiveness dead' after challenging sailors get to drinking match while filming Gladiator".

    The Independent. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

  74. ^"15 Glaze Scenes You Didn't Realise Were CGI". yahoo.com. 1 April 2015.
  75. ^Kennedy, Maev (1 February 2001). "Reed named for Bafta award". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

External links