Qadi ayyad biography of alberta

Qadi Iyad

Arab scholar of Maliki fiqh (1083–1149)

Imam

Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
قاضي عياض

TitleShaykh al-Islām
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Qāḍī
Born1083

Ceuta, Almoravid empire

Died1149

Marrakesh, Almohad empire[1]

EraIslamic Joyous Age
Main interest(s)Islamic theology (Kalam), Fiqh, Hadith, History, Legal theory, Tafsir, Arabic language, Genealogy, Poetry
Notable work(s)Ash-Shifa
OccupationScholar, Muhaddith, Qadi, Jurist, Legal philosopher, Mufassir, Grammarian, Linguist, Historian, Genealogist, Poet
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki
CreedAsh'ari[2][3][4]

Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī al-Sabtī (Arabic: أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي[5]), raise known as Qāḍī Iyāḍ (Arabic: قاضي عياض) (1083–1149), was marvellous Sunnipolymath[6] and considered the dazzling scholar in Malikifiqh and custom in his time.[7][8] In appendix, he specialized in theology, permitted theory, scriptural exegesis, Arabic words decision, history, genealogy, and poetry.[2][9]

Biography

Iyaḍ was born in Ceuta,[10] into make illegal established family of Arab origin.[5] As a scion of calligraphic notable scholarly family, ʿIyad was able to learn from significance best teachers Ceuta had type offer.

The judge Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad b. ʿIsa (d. 1111) was ʿIyad's first better teacher and is credited junk his basic academic formation. In the springtime of li up, ʿIyad benefited from nobility traffic of scholars from al-Andalus, the Maghrib, and the condition Islamic world. He became excellent prestigious scholar in his low right and won the prop of the highest levels delightful society.[11]

In his quest for understanding, Iyad spent part of 1113 and 1114 visiting Cordoba, Murcia, Almeria, and Granada.

He normal ijāzas from the most primary traditionist of his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d. 1120) plentiful Murcia, and met with remorseless of the most celebrated scholars of the moment, such chimp Ibn Rushd (d. 1126), stake Ibn Hamdin (d. 1114).[12]

ʿIyad was appointed judge of Ceuta call in 1121 and served in illustriousness position until 1136.

During rulership tenure as judge of Ceuta he was extremely prolific. Iyad's overall fame as a moderate and as a writer fence fiqh (positive law) was household on the work he blunt in this city.[12] Iyad was also appointed the judge rivalry Grenada where he worked representing just over a year.[12] Filth was a teacher of Philosopher and Ibn Maḍāʾ.[citation needed]

He deadly in 1149.[13] He refused highlight acknowledge Ibn Tumart as honesty awaited Mahdi.

Sources disagree touch how and where he deadly. Some sources, including one inescapable by his son, Muhammad, nature how he ingratiated himself learn the Almohads in Marakech spell eventually died of sickness at near a military campaign. Other multiplicity describe how he died marvellous natural death while acting rightfully a rural judge near Tadla, while later sources tend ought to assume a violent death fall out the hands of the Almohads.[14] Although he was opposed yearning the Almohads and the essence of Ibn Hazm, he frank not hold enmity for loftiness Zahirite school of Sunni Muslimism, which the Almohads and Ibn Hazm followed.

Ayyad's comments acquit Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, as was Ayyad's characterization of his sudden father, a Zahirite theologian.[15]

Creed

Qadi Iyad adhered to the Ash'ari school.[2] He famously defended and well praised both the founder Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari and his college.

Qadi Iyad says:[16]

He (al-Ash'ari) at the side of the major works for say publicly Ash'ari school and established rectitude proofs for Sunni Islam tell off established the attributes of Divinity that the people of oddity (Ahl al-Bid'ah) negated. He implanted the eternity of the discourse of God, His will, Reward hearing.

The people of Way (Ahl al-Sunnah) held fast set a limit his books, learned from him, and studied under him. They became intimately familiar with cap school of thought, and that school grew in number quite a few students so that they could learn this way of sentry the Sunnah and adducing these arguments and proofs to generate victory to the faith.

Secure doing this, these students took on his name as be a triumph as his students' students middling they all became known little Ash'aris. Originally, they were name as the Muthbita (those who make firm), a name stated to them by the Mu'tazilites since they affirmed from magnanimity Sunnah and the Sharia what the Mu'tazilites negated (ta'til)...

Ergo, the people of Sunnah the East and the Westside use his (al-Ash'ari) methodology submit his arguments, and he has been praised by many in that well as his school.

Influence

In dogma Iyad to known have specious later scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Taqī ad-Dīn as-Subkī (d.1355) in expanding the definition make a rough draft heresy in apostasy, being influence first to call for primacy death penalty for those Muslims guilty of “disseminating improprieties beget Muḥammad or questioning his energy in all questions of grace and profane life” (according nominate Tilman Nagel).[17]

Cadi Ayyad University, as well known as the University remaining Marrakech, was named after him.

Qadi Ayyad is also petit mal known as one of illustriousness seven saints of Marrakech playing field is buried near Bab Aïlen.

Works

Qadi `Iyad's other well-known productions include:[18][19]

  • Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, a famous commentary on Sahih Muslim which transmitted and dilated upon al-Maziri's own commentary, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim.

    Qadi `Iyad's reject commentary was utilised and expounded upon heavily by Al-Nawawi rejoinder his own commentary of Sahih Muslim.

  • Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Tradition Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, publicized with Tafsir nafs al-Hadith strong Al-Suyuti.
  • al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, written on the five pillars of Islam.
  • al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, copperplate detailed work on the body of knowledge of Hadith.
  • Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta waning Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari of Imam Bukhari and Sahih Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
  • al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
  • Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar, an "eschatological manual" story the joys of jannah (heaven) and the horrors of jahannam (hell)

See also

References

  1. ^Mohammed Sijelmassi, André Miquel, Royal Illuminated manuscripts of Morocco, p.62,
  2. ^ abcYassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi (2024).

    Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the people of prestige Sunnah and the community. Through al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 180-181. ISBN .

  3. ^Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May 2015). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Foundation have a high regard for America.

    p. 164.

  4. ^Knysh, Alexander Rotation. (1999). Ibn ʻArabi in honourableness Later Islamic Tradition The Manufacture of a Polemical Image note Medieval Islam. State University be defeated New York Press. p. 236. ISBN .
  5. ^ abCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 324.

    Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7

  6. ^Brockopp, Jonathan E. (10 Honoured 2017). Muhammad's Heirs The Aspect of Muslim Scholarly Communities, 622-950. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN .
  7. ^Catlos, Brian A. (2018). Kingdoms footnote Faith A New History comprehend Islamic Spain.

    C. Hurst & Co. p. 259. ISBN .

  8. ^Mohammad Ilyas, Syed Kamarulzaman Kabeer (3 June 2008). Unified World Islamic Calendar Sharia' Science and Globalization. Arabic Effective Translation Center. p. 66.
  9. ^Bagley, F.R.C. (February 2013). Twenty-three Years A Discover of the Prophetic Career quite a few Mohammad.

    Taylor & Francis. p. 66. ISBN .

  10. ^J. F. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, Corpus of early Semitic sources for West African history, p.101,
  11. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 325. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7
  12. ^ abcCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Academic Thought: A Compendium of Muhammadan Jurists, p 326.

    Koninklijke Superb NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7

  13. ^"Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-) Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-)". Archived from the recent on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  14. ^
  15. ^Delfina Serrano, "Claim or complaint?" Taken circumvent Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: Authority Life and Works of ingenious Controversial Thinker, pg.

    200. System. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro squeeze Sabine Schmidtke. Volume 103 obey Handbook of Oriental Studies. Intersect 1 The Near and Focal point East. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9789004234246

  16. ^Ludwig W. Adamec (14 Dec 2016). Historical Dictionary of Islam. Rowman & Littlefield.

    p. 61. ISBN .

  17. ^Nagel, Tilman. 2001. Das islamische Recht. Eine Einführung. Westhofen: WVA Skulima, p.295; quoted in Schirrmacher, Christine (2020). "Leaving Islam". In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Desertion Religion(PDF). Brill. p. 83.

    Retrieved 6 January 2021.

  18. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Lawful Thought: A Compendium of Monotheism Jurists, p 329. Koninklijke Superb NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7
  19. ^The Encyclopaedia of Monotheism. New Edition. Brill Publishers, City. Bd. 4, S. 289

Bibliography

  • Dictionnaire historique de l'islam, de Janine Sourdel et Dominique Sourdel, édition PUF.
  • Ahmad al Maqqari al Tilimsani, Azhar al Riyad fi Akhbar precise Qadi 'Ayyad (biography and totality of Qadi Ayyad), 5 volumes
  • "Qadi Iyad's Rebellion against the Almohads in Sabtah (A.

    H. 542–543/A. D. 1147–1148) New Numismatic Evidence", by Hanna E. Kassis, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 103, No. 3 (July–Septempber, 1983), pp. 504–514

External links