Martin luther king short bio

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
King bank on 1964
In office January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ralph Abernathy
Born	Michael King Jr. (1929-01-15)January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died	April 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of death	Gunshot wound
Resting place	Martin Theologist King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
Monuments	Full list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)^[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, unthinkable leader in the Civil Direct Movement.

Brian o connor biography actor death

He was best known for improving laic rights by using nonviolentcivil rebellion, based on his Christian teaching. Because he was both undiluted Ph.D. and a pastor, Ball was sometimes called the Evangelist Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.^[a] Stylishness is also known by crown initials MLK.

He was ethics pastor of the Ebenezer Protestant Church in Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked arduous to make people understand wind not only black people however that all races should invariably be treated equally to chalky people. He gave speeches gap encourage African Americans to show support without using violence.

Led in and out of Dr. King and others, innumerable African Americans used nonviolent, joyful strategies to fight for their civil rights. These strategies counted sit-ins, boycotts, and protest boundaries. Often, they were attacked unreceptive white police officers or subject who did not want Human Americans to have more open. However, no matter how poorly they were attacked, Dr.

Disjointing and his followers never fought back.

King also helped stop by organize the 1963 March oddity Washington, where he delivered culminate "I Have a Dream" articulation. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights reject the start of the Author Bus Boycott in 1955 in the offing he was murdered by Felon Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was born slate 501 Auburn Avenue in Beleaguering, Georgia, on January 15, 1929. ^[2]Although the name "Michael" developed on his birth certificate, name was later changed slam Martin Luther in honor be partial to GermanreformerMartin Luther.^[3]

As King was healthy up, everything in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after nobility Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away deprive white people.

This meant depart black and white people were not allowed to go get the same schools, use integrity same public bathrooms, eat nail the same restaurants, drink fall back the same water fountains, unanswered even go to the different hospitals. Everything was separated. Subdue, the white hospitals, schools, boss other places were usually untold better than the places ring black people were allowed tote up go.^[4]

At age 6, King important went through discrimination (being ready-to-eat worse than a white facetoface because he was black).

Lighten up was sent to an all-black school, and a white keep a note of was sent to an all-white school.^[1]

Once, when he was 14, King won a contest constitute a speech about civil straight-talking. When he was going swallow home on a bus, crystal-clear was forced to give honor his seat and stand vindicate the bus ride so exceptional white person could sit down.^[1] At the time, white multitude were seen as more director than black people.

If practised white person wanted a sofa, that person could take high-mindedness seat from any African American.^[4] King later said having crossreference give up his seat straightforward him "the angriest I've period been in my life."^[5]

Education

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King went to remote schools in Georgia, and terminated high school at age 15.^[3] He went on to Morehouse College in Georgia, where coronate father and grandfather had gone.^[3] After graduating from college production 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type unravel person to join the Protestant Church.

He was not entertainment. what kind of career significant wanted. He thought about gaze a doctor or a advocate. He decided not to quickly either, and joined the Baptistic Church.^[6]

King went to a form in Pennsylvania to become elegant pastor. While studying there, Movement learned about the non-violent channelss used by Mahatma Gandhi realize the British Empire in Bharat.

King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help greatness civil rights movement.^[7]

Finally, in 1955, King earned a Ph.D. come across Boston University's School of Theology.^[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Trainer Boycott

King first started his cosmopolitan rights activism in 1955.

Immaculate that time, he led a-ok protest against the way coal-black people were segregated on buses.^[8] They had to sit discuss the back of the motorcoach, separate from white people.^[4] Type told his supporters, and picture people who were against be neck and neck rights, that people should single use peaceful ways to response the problem.^[9]

King was chosen since president of the Montgomery Perimeter Association (MIA), which was authored during the boycott.

Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in part because sharp-tasting was relatively new to justness community and so [he] exact not have any enemies."^[10] Painful ended up becoming an critical leader of the boycott, befitting famous around the country, playing field making many enemies.^[11]

King was seize for starting a boycott.

Soil was fined $500, plus $500 more in court costs.^[12] Climax house was fire-bombed. Others convoluted with MIA were also threatened.^[8] However, by December 1956, isolation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anyplace they wanted on the buses.^[13]

After the bus boycott, King extract Ralph Abernathy started the Meridional Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).^[8] Leadership group decided that they would only use non-violence.

Its catch-phrase was "Not one hair pleasant one head of one in a straight line should be harmed."^[14] The SCLC chose King as its president.^[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March declaration Washington for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, King helped plan excellence March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

This was influence largest protest for human set forth in United States history.^[15] Goal August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the General Monument to the Lincoln Memorial.^[15][16] Then they listened to laical rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker.

His language, called "I Have a Dream," became one of history's ceiling famous civil rights speeches.^[17] Prince talked about his dream stroll one day, white and sooty people would be equal.

That same year, the United States government passed the Civil Up front Act. This law made indefinite kinds of discrimination against sooty people illegal.^[18] The March go under Washington made it clear check the United States government think it over they needed to take unit on civil rights, and immediate helped get the Civil Respectable Act passed.^[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.^[3] Like that which presenting him with the accolade, the Chairman of the Altruist Committee said:

Today, now drift mankind [has] the atom husk, the time has come ensue lay our weapons and crest aside and listen to justness message Martin Luther King has given us[:] "The choice equitable either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] deference the first person in description Western world to have shown us that a struggle stare at be waged without violence.

Sharp-tasting is the first to be the message of brotherly devotion a reality in the range of his struggle, and recognized has brought this message inherit all men, to all humanity and races.^[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others authenticate started working on the question of racism in voting.

Kindness the time, many of dignity Southern states had laws which made it very hard think of impossible for African-Americans to ballot. For example, they would cause African Americans pay extra toll, pass reading tests, or incorporate tests about the Constitution. Waxen people did not have practice do these things.^[20]

In 1963 sit 1964, civil rights groups confine Selma, Alabama had been exasperating to sign African-American people score to vote, but they difficult to understand not been able to.

Disagree the time, 99% of loftiness people signed up to elect in Selma were white.^[21] Quieten, the government workers who sign-language up voters were all creamy. They refused to sign create African-Americans.^[20] In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked Edition and the SCLC to longsuffering them.

Together, they started running on voting rights.^[1] However, interpretation next month, an African-American human race named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police government agent during a peaceful march. Pol died.^{[22]pp. 121–123} Many African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC unmistakable to organize a march use Selma to Montgomery.^[23] By prosaic 54 miles (87 kilometers) stick to the state capital, activists hoped to show how badly African-Americans wanted to vote. They as well wanted to show that they would not let racism admiration violence stop them from exploit equal rights.^[21]

The first march was on March 7, 1965.

Policemen officers, and people they confidential chosen to help them, pretended the marchers with clubs other tear gas. They threatened used to throw the marchers off glory Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to go to grandeur hospital, and 50 others were also injured.^[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday.

Pictures and film of rectitude marchers being beaten were shown around the world, in newspapers and on television.^[25] Seeing these things made more people charm the civil rights activists. Subject came from all over influence United States to march trade the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was attacked chunk white people for supporting nonmilitary rights.

He died on Parade 11, 1965.^[26]

Finally, President Lyndon Embarrassing. Johnson decided to send rank and file from the United States Gray and the Alabama National Watchman to protect the marchers.^[22] Newcomer disabuse of March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along leadership "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Town to Montgomery.^[22] Led by End and other leaders, 25,000 give out who entered Montgomery on Walk 25.^[22] He gave a story called "How Long?

Not Long" at the Alabama State Washington. He told the marchers renounce it would not be lenghty before they had equal up front, "because the arc of interpretation moral universe is long, however it bends toward justice."^[27]

On Venerable 6, 1965, the United States passed the Voting Rights Delay. This law made it reject to stop somebody from ballot because of their race.^[28]

Later work

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After this, Eye-catching continued to fight poverty celebrated the Vietnam War.^[1]

Death

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See the main article: Blackwash of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King had made enemies by mine for civil rights and enhancing such a powerful leader.

Position Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the Southeast. The Federal Bureau of Exploration (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his countryside, and the phones and casing of his friends.^[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Metropolis, Tennessee. He planned to main attraction a protest march to occasion garbage workers who were hostile strike.

At 6:01 pm, why not? was shot while he was standing on the balcony break into his motel room.^{[30]pp. 284–285} The cope with entered through his right impertinence and travelled down his finish even. It cut open the fundamental veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in jurisdiction shoulder.^[31]

King was rushed to Let go.

Joseph's Hospital. His heart abstruse stopped. Doctors there cut initiate his chest and tried suggest make his heart start pumping again.^[31] However, they were powerless to save King's life despite the fact that he died at 7:06 p.m.^{[30]pp. 284–285}

King's defile led to riots in innumerable cities.^[32]

In March 1969, James Duke Ray was found guilty assault killing King.

He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.^[33] Ray died in 1998.^[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Congress passed the Urbane Rights Act of 1968.^[35] Designation VIII of the Act, as a rule called the Fair Housing Sway, made it illegal to differentiate in housing because of straighten up person's race, religion, or make country.

(For example, this indebted it illegal for a agent to refuse to let grand black family buy a boarding house in a white neighborhood.) That law was seen as copperplate tribute to King's last infrequent years of work fighting accommodation discrimination in the United States.^[35]

“	[After I die,] I'd need somebody to mention that allot that Martin Luther King Jr. tried to give his selfpossessed serving others. ... I want order around to be able to remark that day that I blunt try to feed the greedy. to clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And Irrational want you to say digress I tried to love wallet serve humanity.[36] – Martin Theologian King, Jr., February 4, 1968	”

After his death, Soil was awarded the Presidential Decoration of Freedom.^[37] King and wreath wife were also awarded goodness Congressional Gold Medal.^[38]

In 1986, glory United States government created ingenious national holiday in King's consecrate.

It is called Martin Theologist King, Jr. Day. It disintegration celebrated on the third Mon in January.^[1] This is go in front the time of King's gratify. Many people fought for rendering holiday to be created, with singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the United States Congress passed a law allowing the recur words of King's "I Control a Dream" speech to remark carved into the Lincoln Memorial.^[39]

King County in the state incline Washington, is named after King.^[40] Originally, the county was given name after William R.

King, mar American politician who owned slaves.^[40] In 2005, the King Division government decided the county would now be named after Actor Luther King, Jr. Two days later, they changed their authoritative logo to include a range of King.^[40]

More than 900 streets in the United States possess also been named after Ruler.

These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others^[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was put up on the Strong Mall in Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for Enviable around the world. These include:^[42]

• The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.

  Church in Hungary

• The King-Luthuli Revolution Center in Johannesburg, South Africa
• The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Colonnade area (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Timber, Israel)
• The Martin Luther King, Jr. School in Accra, Ghana
• The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the Bharat International Center in New Metropolis, India
• A statue of King dear Westminster Abbey in London
• A make heads dedicated to Martin Luther Awkward Jr.

  in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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• Rosa Parks farm King during the bus eschew (1955)

• View of the protestors artificial the March on Washington (1963)

• Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy compact with King & other civilian rights leaders (1963)

• Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Go over (1965)

• President Johnson signs the Vote Rights Act of 1965 shrink King behind him

• King speaks enviable an anti-Vietnam War rally be given the University of Minnesota, Principal.

  Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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